Dyslexia :: essays research papers

"Dyslexia"DYSLEXIAGeneral informationImagine if my report was written like this Dyslexia is wehn yuor midn gets wodrs mixde pu. If you were dyslexic, thats how you might read my report. The word dyslexia is derived from the Greek "dys" (meaning poor or inadequate) and "lexis" (word or spoken language).Dyslexia is a learning disability characterized by problems in expressive or receptive, oral or written language. It is characterized by extreme difficulty learning and recollect letters, written or spoken delivery, and individual letter sounds. Extremely poor spelling and illegible handwriting ar park symptoms. Problems may emerge in reading, spelling, writing, speaking, or listening. Dyslexia is not a disease, therefore it doesnt spend a penny a cure. Dyslexia describes a different kind of mind, often gifted and productive, that learns differently. During my extensive research of this topic, I have become very interested and sympathetic for people who h ave it.Dyslexia is not the result of low intelligence. The problem is not behavioral, psychological, motivational, or social. It is not a problem of vision people with dyslexia do not "see backward." Dyslexia results from the differences in the structure and function of the brain. People with dyslexia are unique each having individual strengths and weaknesses. Many dyslexics are creative and have unusual talent in areas such as art, athletics, architecture, graphics, electronics, mechanics, drama, music, or engineering. Dyslexics often show special talent in areas that require visual, spatial, and repel skills.Their problems in language processing distinguish them as a group. This means that the dyslexic has problems translating language to thought (as listening or reading) or thought to language (as in writing or speaking). Dyslexics sometimes reverse letters and words (b for d, saw for was). In speech, some dyslexics reverse meanings (hot for cold, front seat for back sea t) or word sounds (merove for remove).Here is a test to see if you have any signs of dyslexia. Few dyslexics show all the signs of the disorder. Here are some of the most common signs* Lack of awareness of sounds in words, sound order, rhymes, or sequence syllables* difficulty decoding words - single word identification* Difficulty encoding words - spelling* Poor sequencing of numbers, of letters in words, when read or written,e.g. b-d sing - sign left - felt soiled - solid 12-21* Problems with reading comprehension* Difficulty expressing thought in written form * Delayed spoken language * Imprecise or incomplete interpretation of language that is heard * Difficulty in expressing thoughts orally * Confusion about directions in space or time (right and left, up and down,

Eyesight :: essays research papers fc

EyesightVision is the learned ability to see for information and process it allows us to understand things that we cannot touch, taste, smell or hear. 20/20 vision does not mean perfect eyesight. 20/20 vision simply way of life that at a 20 ft. distance a person is cap fit to see a certain letter than an average eye should be able to see at that distance. You can have 20/20 vision and lack the abilities to use your two eyes together as a team, to justness distances, to identify colors and to coordinate your eyes with hand and body movements. About four in ten people have "perfect" vision. There be also various eye bothers associated with eyesight such as astigmatism, farsightedness, and nearsightedness. Astigmatism is a condition in which vision at all distances whitethorn be blurred or deformed. An irregularly shaped cornea, causing light images to focus on two separate points in the eye, characterizes this condition. When the front of the eye is more ellipse than rou nd, light does not focus properly on the back of the eye, also known as the retina. Astigmatism is not a disease, but is actually a vision condition that is quite common--only moderate to highly astigmatic eyes need corrective lens systemes. The signs and symptoms of severe astigmatism are blurred or distorted vision. For mild astigmatism the symptoms are headaches, eyestrain, fatigue, and blurred vision at certain angles. The causes of astigmatism are unclear. It may be genetically inherited or may result from various environmental factors such as poor lighting, incorrect posture, or an increased use of the eyes for close work.      Another eye disorder is farsightedness, also known as hyperopia. With this disorder, objects are seen understandably far away but are blurry close up. The eyeball is too short for the lens to focus a clear image on the retina. More than half of all people who wear glasses are farsighted. The signs and symptoms of farsightedness are aching or burning eyes, suffering from eyestrain, general tension, fatigue or headaches after close work, becoming irritable or nervous after prolonged concentration, and trouble concentrating and maintaining a clear focus on near objects.      Nearsightedness also known as myopia, is a disorder where one can see clearly close up, but see blurry at a distance (for example, not being able to read the blackboard but being able to read a book). This occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved to focus on the retina.

Teaching: A Commitment to Lifelong Learning Essay -- Teaching Educatio

Teaching A Commitment to Lifelong Learningprecept is an ever-changing part of society. A schoolroom teacher is faced with new challenges and obstacles that have never been dealt with before. Students come to the classroom with different life stories. Every educatee has strengths and weaknesses that surface in the classroom environment. Teachers mustiness understand and focus on utilizing each students strengths and work to improve weaknesses. Students check over in a variety of ways. The classroom must be a safe zone that appreciates students viewpoints and allows room for mistakes. When topics in the classroom are related to real-life experiences, the information is more likely to be retained. Students learn from one another. The ideas and perspectives that each student brings to the classroom can bring insight into what is being learned. Students have to be allowed to explore new ideas, try them to see if they work, and sometimes fail. When students are encouraged to explore, t hey begin the process of becoming lifelong learners. The teacher in the classroom encompasses several roles. Resource, facilitator, and mentor are three of them. The teacher must be a resource that provides ideas and lessons to be learned. The teacher also must be a facilitator that encourages creative thinking, exploration, and mastery. The teachers is responsible for what needs to be learned. The subject takings that is taught is based on both curriculum as well as the world that students live i...

My Cousin’s Funeral :: Personal Narrative Writing

My Cousins FuneralI dreamt once that I was in love with my first cousin Rob Campbell. In the dream, he was rosy and cherubic. When we kissed, he was soft. In the morning, my lips remembered Robs kisses. I felt the sensation dancing quietly just in a higher place my skin, woven and brushed, like a cashmere sweater.I talked to my dad over instant messenger and told him that I had a dream that Rob was my lover. I didnt need to tell him this, embarrassed, but something seemed to propel me forward. He typed his response, slowly. I waited. Thats O.K, the screen read. I dreamed a lot about my brother when he died too.My grandad Hank died one day in my living room. He fell out of bed and called to my mommy, singing on the night air, Peggy, Peggy... No one heard him until it was the brochure of dark and light. There was a moment when he died. He was a fountain of coagulation and mucus. He was very pale and his skin looked like a molded piece of white rubber. I was 16 but I felt like an infant in that moment when my grandfather took his last breath. At Robs visiting hours, there is a reception line. His mother and father and sister and brother stand up next to the casket. My dad and momhis uncle and auntare up there too, along with my paternal grandparents and my dads brother Mark. I sit in the back with my brother and his married woman and my boyfriend. I watch as the room fills with people. The line toward the casket is jumbled and when people first enter the room, they dont see Rob. They see Debbie and capital of Minnesota and Becky and Aaron first. Then, as the line straightens out, they see Rob, white and chalky. I watch as mouths open, lips quiver, eyes close, Robs apples jump, breaths halt. I feel bad watching their pain so I watch their hands instead. Hand to hand. Grasping hands of my dad and my grandfather. Strangers. Sweaty hands, clammy hands, nervous hands, sad hands. At one point, my grandmother leaves the receiving line. She is wearing the purple fl owered dress from J.C. Penney that she wore to my high school graduation. Susan, Im glad James and I got the flu shot, she whispers to me on her way to the bathroom.

Urban Legend of Woodburn Governors Mansion of Dover, Delaware :: Urban Legends Ghost Story

Woodburn Governors Mansion of Dover, DelawareThe story of Woodburn Mansion has been told to residents of Dover, Delaware for many years. A 19-year-old Caucasian male student at the University of Maryland told this special(a) version of the tracings of Woodburn Mansion. Now a sophomore architecture major, he grew up in a small town just outside of Dover, where the story of Woodburn is know all too well. The story was first told to him as a young teenager fleck actually visiting the mansion with his parents. The telling of a ghost story entails more than the text itself. Lighting, environment, tone of voice, and many other factors affect how well a ghost story is told. As one can propose by reading the following story, simply reading a ghost story on paper does not have the same effect as hearing it performed by the teller in a fitting atmosphere. The following story was told one wickedness in a dark, shadowy room fill up with five or six college guys. The teller used long pauses, emphasis on certain words, and body gestures to make the story all the more believable and chilling.Theres a haunted house in Dover, Delaware called the Governors Mansion, where all of the Governors of Delaware have lived. If you go to the house yourself, you might see or experience a couple different ghosts. One evening, a guest to the house passed an old man dressed in old-fashioned clothes while going prevail over the stairs for dinner. Once at the table the guest asked the owners who the person was. The curious owners asked for a description of the man. The description that the visitor sent chills down the spines of the owners, as it was an exact description of the owners father who had been dead for many years, and nobody else was in the house. The father had in addition been known for getting rummy a lot, so to this day he can still be seen drinking any liquor left out in the open. The mansion is also known for being a part of the Underground Railroad, so lot s of slaves were always coming and going through the house at night. One night the house got busted and one of the runaway slaves ran and hid in a big tree in the yard. The slave was up there for a while and was already tired from his journey to the house.

Urban Legend of Woodburn Governors Mansion of Dover, Delaware :: Urban Legends Ghost Story

Woodburn Governors Mansion of Dover, DelawareThe tarradiddle of Woodburn Mansion has been told to residents of Dover, Delaware for many years. A 19-year-old Caucasian male educatee at the University of Maryland told this particular version of the ghosts of Woodburn Mansion. Now a sophomore architecture major, he grew up in a small town honourable bug outside of Dover, where the story of Woodburn is known all too well. The story was first told to him as a young teenager while actually visiting the signboard with his parents. The telling of a ghost story entails more than the text itself. Lighting, environment, tone of voice, and many other factors affect how well a ghost story is told. As one can see by reading the following story, simply reading a ghost story on paper does not involve the same effect as hearing it performed by the teller in a fitting atmosphere. The following story was told one night in a dark, shadowy room filled with five or six college guys. The teller used long pauses, emphasis on certain words, and body gestures to make the story all the more believable and chilling.Theres a haunted shack in Dover, Delaware called the Governors Mansion, where all of the Governors of Delaware have lived. If you go to the abode yourself, you might see or experience a couple different ghosts. One evening, a guest to the house passed an old man dressed in old-fashioned clothes while going down the stairs for dinner. Once at the table the guest asked the owners who the person was. The curious owners asked for a comment of the man. The description that the visitor sent chills down the spines of the owners, as it was an exact description of the owners father who had been dead for many years, and nobody else was in the house. The father had excessively been known for getting drunk a lot, so to this day he can still be seen drinking any liquor left out in the open. The mansion is also known for being a part of the Underground Railroad, so lot s of slaves were always coming and going through the house at night. One night the house got busted and one of the runaway slaves ran and hid in a big tree in the yard. The slave was up thither for a while and was already tired from his journey to the house.

The Lost Symbol Chapter 122-126

CHAPTER 122The secret is how to die.Malakh knew it had all g wizard wrong. There was no brilliant light. No wondrous reception. Only turnedness and agony pain. Even in his look. He could see nothing, and yet he sensed movement all around him. There were voices . . . human voices . . . unitary of them, strangely, belonging to Robert Langdon. How mint this be?Shes okay, Langdon kept repeating. Katherine is fine, Peter. Your sister is okay.No, Malakh thought. Katherine is dead. She must be.Malakh could no longer see, could not tell if his eyes were even open, but he heard the helicopter banking away. An disconnected calm settled through and through the synagogue Room. Malakh could feel the smooth rhythms of the earth becoming uneven . . . as if the oceans natural tides were being disrupted by a gathering storm.Chao ab ordo.Un beaten(prenominal) voices were shouting outright, talking urgently with Langdon about the laptop and video file. Its too late, Malakh knew. The damage is done. By now the video was scatter deal wildfire into invariablyy corner of a shocked world, destroying the future of the brotherhood. Those most capable of spreading the wisdom must be destroyed. The ignorance of mankind is what helped the chaos grow. The absence of Light on earth is what nourished the Darkness that awaited Malakh.I oblige done great deeds, and soon I leave be sure as a king.Malakh sensed that a lone individual had quietly approached. He knew who it was. He could smell the sacred oils he had rubbed into his fathers shaved body.I dont write out if you can hear me, Peter Solomon whispered in his ear. But I want you to hold up something. He touched a finger to the sacred descry atop Malakhs skull. What you wrote here . . . He pause. This is not the Lost rule book.Of course it is, Malakh thought. You convinced me of that beyond a doubt.According to leg lay off, the Lost Word was written in a language so ancient and arcane that mankind had all but forgotten h ow to read it. This mysterious language, Peter had revealed, was in fact the oldest language on earth.The language of symbols.In the idiom of symbology, there was one symbol that reigned supreme above all others. The oldest and most universal, this symbol fused all the ancient traditions in a single solitary image that represented the illumination of the Egyptian sun god, the triumph of alchemical gold, the wisdom of the Philosophers Stone, the purity of the Rosicrucian Rose, the moment of Creation, the All, the dominance of the astrological sun, and even the omniscient all-seeing eye that hovered atop the unfinished profit.The circumpunct. The symbol of the Source. The origin of all things.This is what Peter had told him moments ago. Malakh had been skeptical at number one, but then he had looked once more at the grid, realizing that the image of the pyramid was pointing directly at the lone symbol of the circumpuncta circle with a dot in its center. The Masonic benefit is a map , he thought, re harbingering the novel, which points to the Lost Word. It seemed his father was telling the truth after all.All great truths are simple.The Lost Word is not a word . . . it is a symbol.Eagerly, Malakh had inscribed the great symbol of the circumpunct on his scalp. As he did so, he felt an upwelling of power and satisfaction. My masterpiece and offering are complete. The forces of darkness were waiting for him now. He would be rewarded for his work. This was to be his moment of glory . . .And yet, at the last instant, everything had gone horribly wrong.Peter was still behind him now, speaking words that Malakh could barely fathom. I lied to you, he was saying. You left me no choice. If I had revealed to you the true Lost Word, you would not have believed me, nor would you have understood.The Lost Word is . . . not the circumpunct?The truth is, tell Peter, the Lost Word is known to all . . . but recognized by very few.The words echoed in Malakhs mind.You remain inco mplete, Peter said, gently placing his palm on top of Malakhs head. Your work is not yet done. But wherever you are going, please know this . . . you were loved.For some reason, the gentle touch of his fathers hand felt want it was burning through him worry a potent catalyst that was initiating a chemical reaction inside Malakhs body. Without warning, he felt a rush of blistering energy surging through his physical shell, as if every cell in his body were now dissolving.In an instant, all of his worldly pain evaporated.Transformation. Its happening. I am gazing down upon myself, a wreck of credit liney flesh on the sacred slab of granite. My father is kneeling behind me, holding my lifeless head with his one remaining hand.I feel an upwelling of rage . . . and confusion.This is not a moment for compassion . . . it is for revenge, for transformation . . . and yet still my father refuses to submit, refuses to fulfill his role, refuses to channel his pain and anger through the knif e blade and into my heart.I am trapped here, hovering . . . tethered to my earthly shell.My father gently runs a soft palm across my face to reason my fading eyes.I feel the tether release.A billowing veil materializes around me, thickening and dimming the light, hiding the world from view. Suddenly snip accelerates, and I am plunging into an abyss far darker than any I have ever imagined. Here, in the barren void, I hear a whispering . . . I sense a gathering force. It strengthens, mounting at a startling rate, surrounding me. Ominous and powerful. Dark and arbitrary.I am not simply here.This is my triumph, my honey oil reception. And yet, for some reason, I am filled not with joy, but rather with boundless fear.It is nothing like I expect.The force is churning now, swirling around me with commanding strength, threatening to tear me apart. Suddenly, without warning, the blackness gathers itself like a great prehistoric beast and rears up before me.I am facing all the dark sou ls who have gone before.I am screaming in infinite terror . . . as the darkness swallows me whole.CHAPTER 123Inside the National Cathedral, Dean Galloway sensed a strange convince in the air. He was not sure why, but he felt as if a ghostly shadow had evaporated . . . as if a weight had been lifted . . . far away and yet right here.Alone at his desk, he was deep in thought. He was not sure how some(prenominal) minutes had passed when his phone rang. It was Warren Bellamy.Peters alive, his Masonic brother said. I just heard the news. I knew youd want to know immediately. Hes going to be okay.Thank God. Galloway exhaled. Where is he?Galloway listened as Bellamy recounted the extraordinary tale of what had transpired after they had left Cathedral College.But all of you are okay?Recuperating, yes, Bellamy said. There is one thing, though. He paused.Yes?The Masonic Pyramid . . . I think Langdon may have solved it.Galloway had to smile. Somehow he was not surprised. And tell me, did Lan gdon discover whether or not the pyramid kept its anticipate? Whether or not it revealed what falsehood ceaselessly claimed it would reveal?I dont know yet.It will, Galloway thought. You need to rest.As do you.No, I need to pray.CHAPTER 124When the elevator door opened, the lights in the Temple Room were all ablaze.Katherine Solomons legs still felt rubbery as she hurried in to find her brother. The air in this enormous chamber was bleak and smelled of incense. The scene that greeted her stopped her in her tracks. In the center of this magnificent room, on a low stone altar, lay a bloody, tattooed corpse, a body punctured by spears of broken glass. High above, a gaping hole in the ceiling opened to the heavens.My God. Katherine immediately looked away, her eyes scanning for Peter. She found her brother seance on the other side of the room, being tended to by a medic while talking with Langdon and Director Sato.Peter Katherine called, running over. PeterHer brother glanced up, his thoughtfulness filling with relief. He was on his feet at once, moving toward her. He was wearing a simple white shirt and dark slacks, which someone had probably gotten for him from his business down steps. His right arm was in a sling, and their gentle embrace was awkward, but Katherine barely noticed. A familiar comfort surrounded her like a cocoon, as it always had, even in childhood, when her protective older brother embraced her.They held each other in silence.Finally Katherine whispered, Are you okay? I mean . . . actually? She released him, looking down at the sling and bandage where his right hand used to be. Tears welled once again in her eyes. Im so . . . so sorry.Peter shrugged as if it were nothing of consequence. Mortal flesh. Bodies dont last forever. The important thing is that youre okay.Peters lighthearted response tore at her emotions, reminding her of all the reasons she loved him. She stroked his head, feeling the unbreakable bonds of family . . . the sh ared blood that flowed in their veins.Tragically, she knew there was a third Solomon in the room tonight. The corpse on the altar drew her gaze, and Katherine shuddered deeply, trying to block out the photos she had seen.She looked away, her eyes now finding Robert Langdons. There was compassion there, deep and perceptive, as if Langdon somehow knew exactly what she was thinking. Peter knows. Raw emotion gripped Katherinerelief, sympathy, despair. She felt her brothers body begin trembling like a childs. It was something she had never witnessed in her entire life.Just let it go, she whispered. Its okay. Just let it go.Peters trembling grew deeper.She held him again, stroking the back of his head. Peter, youve always been the strong one . . . youve always been there for me. But Im here for you now. Its okay. Im right here.Katherine eased his head gently onto her shoulder . . . and the great Peter Solomon collapsed sobbing in her arms.Director Sato stepped away to event an incoming c all.It was Nola Kaye. Her news, for a change, was good.Still no signs of distribution, maam. She sounded hopeful. Im confident we would have seen something by now. It looks like you contained it.Thanks to you, Nola, Sato thought, glancing down at the laptop, which Langdon had seen complete its transmission. A very close call.At Nolas suggestion, the agent searching the mansion had checked the garbage cans, discovering packaging for a newly purchased cellular modem. With the exact model number, Nola had been able to cross-reference matched carriers, bandwidths, and service grids, isolating the laptops most likely access nodea small transmitter on the corner of Sixteenth and Corcoranthree blocks from the Temple.Nola quickly relayed the cultivation to Sato in the helicopter. On approach toward the folk of the Temple, the pilot had performed a low-altitude flyover and pulsed the relay node with a blast of electromagnetic radiation, knocking it off-line moreover seconds before the la ptop completed its transfer.Great work tonight, Sato said. Now get some sleep. Youve earned it.Thank you, maam. Nola hesitated.Was there something else?Nola was silent a long moment, seemingly considering whether or not to speak. Nothing that cant wait till morning, maam. Have a good night.CHAPTER 125In the silence of an elegant bathroom on the establish floor of the House of the Temple, Robert Langdon ran warm water into a tile sink and eyed himself in the mirror. Even in the muted light, he looked like he felt . . . utterly spent.His daybag was on his shoulder again, much lighter now . . . empty except for his personal items and some crumpled lecture notes. He had to chuckle. His withdraw to D.C. tonight to give a lecture had turned out a bit more grueling than hed anticipated.Even so, Langdon had a lot to be delightful for.Peter is alive.And the video was contained.As Langdon scooped handfuls of warm water onto his face, he gradually felt himself coming back to life. Everythi ng was still a blur, but the adrenaline in his body was finally dissipating . . . and he was feeling like himself again. subsequently drying his hands, he checked his Mickey Mouse watch.My God, its late.Langdon exited the bathroom and wound his way along the veer wall of the Hall of Honora gracefully arched passageway, lined with portraits of accomplished Masons . . . U.S. presidents, philanthropists, luminaries, and other influential Americans. He paused at an oil painting of fire S. Truman and tried to imagine the man undergoing the rites, rituals, and studies required to become a Mason.There is a hidden world behind the one we all see. For all of us.You slipped away, a voice said down the hall.Langdon turned. It was Katherine. Shed been through hell tonight, and yet she looked suddenly radiant . . . rejuvenated somehow.Langdon gave a tired smile. Hows he doing?Katherine walked up and embraced him warmly. How can I ever thank you?He laughed. You know I didnt do anything, right? Katherine held him for a long time. Peters going to be fine . . . She let go and looked deep into Langdons eyes. And he just told me something incredible . . . something wonderful. Her voice trembled with anticipation. I need to go see it for myself. Ill be back in a bit.What? Where are you going?I wont be long. Right now, Peter wants to speak with you . . . alone. Hes waiting in the library.Did he say why? Katherine chuckled and shook her head. You know Peter and his secrets.ButIll see you in a bit.Then she was gone.Langdon sighed heavily. He felt like hed had teeming secrets for one night. There were unanswered questions, of coursethe Masonic Pyramid and the Lost Word among thembut he sensed that the answers, if they even existed, were not for him. Not as a non-Mason.Mustering the last of his energy, Langdon made his way to the Masonic library. When he arrived, Peter was sitting all alone at a table with the stone pyramid before him.Robert? Peter smiled and waved him in. Id like a word.Langdon managed a grin. Yes, I hear you lost one.CHAPTER 126The library in the House of the Temple was D.C.s oldest public reading room. Its elegant stacks burgeoned with over a quarter of a million volumes, including a rare copy of the Ahiman Rezon, The Secrets of a Prepared Brother. In addition, the library displayed precious Masonic jewels, ritual artifacts, and even a rare volume that had been hand-printed by Benjamin Franklin.Langdons favorite library treasure, however, was one few ever noticed.The illusion.Solomon had shown him long ago that from the proper vantage point, the librarys reading desk and golden table lamp created an unmistakable optical illusion . . . that of a pyramid and shining golden capstone. Solomon said he always considered the illusion a silent reminder that the mysteries of Freemasonry were perfectly visible to anyone and everyone if they were seen from the proper perspective.Tonight, however, the mysteries of Freemasonry had materialized front a nd center. Langdon now sat arctic the Worshipful Master Peter Solomon and the Masonic Pyramid. Peter was smiling. The word you refer to, Robert, is not a legend. It is a reality.Langdon stared across the table and finally spoke. But . . . I dont understand. How is that feasible?What is so difficult to accept?All of it Langdon wanted to say, searching his old friends eyes for any hint of common sense. Youre saying you believe the Lost Word is real . . . and that it has actual power?Enormous power, Peter said. It has the power to transform human kind by unlocking the Ancient Mysteries.A word? Langdon challenged. Peter, I cant mayhap believe a wordYou will believe, Peter stated calmly.Langdon stared in silence.As you know, Solomon continued, standing now and pacing around the table, it has long been prophesied that there will come a day when the Lost Word will be rediscovered . . . a day when it will be unearthed . . . and mankind will once again have access to its forgotten power.La ngdon flashed on Peters lecture about the Apocalypse. Although many the great unwashed erroneously interpreted apocalypse as a cataclysmic end of the world, the word literally signified an unveiling, predicted by the ancients to be that of great wisdom. The coming age of enlightenment. Even so, Langdon could not imagine such a vast change being ushered in by . . . a word.Peter motioned to the stone pyramid, which sat on the table beside its golden capstone. The Masonic Pyramid, he said. The legendary symbolon. Tonight it stands unified . . . and complete. Reverently, he lifted the golden capstone and set it atop the pyramid. The heavy gold piece clicked softly into place.Tonight, my friend, you have done what has never been done before. You have assembled the Masonic Pyramid, deciphered all of its codes, and in the end, unveiled . . . this.Solomon produced a sheet of paper and laid it on the table. Langdon recognized the grid of symbols that had been reorganized using the high soc iety Eight Franklin Square. He had examine it briefly in the Temple Room.Peter said, I am curious to know if you can read this array of symbols. After all, you are the specialist.Langdon eyed the grid. Heredom, circumpunct, pyramid, staircase . . .Langdon sighed. Well, Peter, as you can probably see, this is an allegorical pictogram. Clearly its language is metaphorical and symbolic rather than literal.Solomon chuckled. Ask a symbologist a simple question . . . Okay, tell me what you see.Peter really wants to hear this? Langdon pulled the page toward him. Well, I looked at it earlier, and, in simple terms, I see that this grid is a picture . . . depicting heaven and earth.Peter arched his eyebrows, looking surprised. Oh?Sure. At the top of the image, we have the word Heredomthe Holy Housewhich I interpret as the House of God . . . or heaven.Okay.The downward-facing arrow after Heredom signifies that the rest of the pictogram clearly lies in the realm beneath heaven . . . that being . . . earth. Langdons eyes glided now to the bottom of the grid. The final two rows, those beneath the pyramid, represent the earth itselfterra firmathe lowest of all the realms. Fittingly, these lower realms contain the twelve ancient astrological signs, which represent the primordial religion of those first human souls who looked to the heavens and saw the hand of God in the movement of the stars and planets.Solomon slid his chair closer and studied the grid. Okay, what else?On a foundation of astrology, Langdon continued, the great pyramid rises from the earth . . . stretching toward heaven . . . the enduring symbol of lost wisdom. It is filled with historys great philosophies and religions . . . Egyptian, Pythagorean, Buddhist, Hindu, Islamic, Judeo-Christian, and on and on . . . all flowing upward, merging together, funneling themselves up through the transformative gateway of the pyramid . . . where they finally fuse into a single, unified human philosophy. He paused. A sing le universal consciousness . . . a shared worldwide vision of God . . . represented by the ancient symbol that hovers over the capstone.The circumpunct, Peter said. A universal symbol for God.Right. Throughout history, the circumpunct has been all things to all peopleit is the sun god Ra, alchemical gold, the all-seeing eye, the singularity point before the Big Bang, theThe Great Architect of the Universe.Langdon nodded, sensing this was probably the same argument Peter had used in the Temple Room to sell the idea of the circumpunct as the Lost Word.And finally? Peter asked. What about the staircase?Langdon glanced down at the image of the stairs beneath the pyramid. Peter, Im sure you know as well as anyone, this symbolizes the Winding Staircase of Freemasonry . . . leading upward out of the earthly darkness into the light . . . like Jacobs ladder climb uping to heaven . . . or the tiered human spine that connects mans mortal body to his eternal mind. He paused. As for the rest o f the symbols, they appear to be a blend of celestial, Masonic, and scientific, all lending support to the Ancient Mysteries.Solomon stroked his chin. An elegant interpretation, Professor. I agree, of course, that this grid can be read as allegory, and yet . . . His eyes flashed with deepening mystery. This collection of symbols tells another story as well. A story that is far more revealing.Oh?Solomon began pacing again, circling the table. Earlier tonight, inside the Temple Room, when I believed I was going to die, I looked at this grid, and somehow I saw past the metaphor, past the allegory, into the very heart of what these symbols are telling us. He paused, turning of a sudden to Langdon. This grid reveals the exact location where the Lost Word is bury.Come again? Langdon shifted uneasily in his chair, suddenly fearing that the trauma of the evening had left Peter disorientated and confused.Robert, legend has always described the Masonic Pyramid as a mapa very particularised mapa map that could guide the commendable to the secret location of the Lost Word. Solomon tapped the grid of symbols in front of Langdon. I guarantee you, these symbols are exactly what legend says they are . . . a map. A specific diagram that reveals exactly where we will find the staircase that leads down to the Lost Word.Langdon gave an uneasy laugh, treading carefully now. Even if I believed the Legend of the Masonic Pyramid, this grid of symbols cant peradventure be a map. Look at it. It looks nothing like a map.Solomon smiled. Sometimes all it takes is a tiny shift of perspective to see something familiar in a totally new light.Langdon looked again but saw nothing new.Let me ask you a question, Peter said. When Masons lay cornerstones, do you know why we lay them in the northeast corner of a expression?Sure, because the northeast corner receives the first rays of morning light. It is symbolic of the power of architecture to climb out of the earth into the light.Right, Pet er said. So perhaps you should look there for the first rays of light. He motioned to the grid. In the northeast corner.Langdon returned his eyes to the page, moving his gaze to the speed right or northeast corner. The symbol in that corner was .A downward-pointing arrow, Langdon said, trying to grasp Solomons point. Which means . . . beneath Heredom.No, Robert, not beneath, Solomon replied. Think. This grid is not a metaphorical maze. Its a map. And on a map, a directional arrow that points down meansSouth, Langdon exclaimed, startled.Exactly Solomon replied, grinning now with excitement. Due south On a map, down is south. Moreover, on a map, the word Heredom would not be a metaphor for heaven, it would be the name of a geographic location.The House of the Temple? Youre saying this map is pointing . . . due south of this building?Praise God Solomon said, laughing. Light dawns at last.Langdon studied the grid. But, Peter . . . even if youre right, due south of this building could b e anywhere on a longitude thats over twenty-four thousand miles long.No, Robert. You are ignoring the legend, which claims the Lost Word is buried in D.C. That shortens the line substantially. In addition, legend also claims that a large stone sits atop the opening of the staircase . . . and that this stone is engraved with a message in an ancient language . . . as a kind of marker so the worthy can find it.Langdon was having trouble taking any of this seriously, and while he didnt know D.C. well enough to picture what was due south of their current location, he was pretty certain there was no huge engraved stone atop a buried staircase.The message inscribed on the stone, Peter said, is right here before our eyes. He tapped the third row of the grid before Langdon. This is the inscription, Robert Youve solved the puzzleDumbfounded, Langdon studied the seven symbols.Solved? Langdon had no idea whatsoever what these seven disparate symbols could possibly mean, and he was damned sure t hey were not engraved anywhere in the nations capital . . . particularly on a giant stone over a staircase.Peter, he said, I dont see how this sheds any light at all. I know of no stone in D.C. engraved with this . . . message.Solomon patted him on the shoulder. You have walked past it and never seen it. We all have. It is sitting in plain view, like the mysteries themselves. And tonight, when I saw these seven symbols, I realized in an instant that the legend was true. The Lost Word is buried in D.C. . . . and it does rest at the bottom of a long staircase beneath an enormous engraved stone.Mystified, Langdon remained silent.Robert, tonight I believe you have earned the right to know the truth.Langdon stared at Peter, trying to bear upon what he had just heard. Youre going to tell me where the Lost Word is buried?No, Solomon said, standing up with a smile. Im going to show you.Five minutes later, Langdon was buckling himself into the backseat of the climb beside Peter Solomon. Si mkins climbed in behind the wheel as Sato approached across the parking lot.Mr. Solomon? the director said, lighting a cigarette as she arrived. Ive just made the call you requested.And? Peter asked through his open window.I ordered them to give you access. Briefly.Thank you.Sato studied him, looking curious. I must say, its a most unusual request.Solomon gave an doubtful shrug.Sato let it go, circling around to Langdons window and rapping with her knuckles.Langdon lowered the window.Professor, she said, with no hint of warmth. Your assistance tonight, while reluctant, was critical to our success . . . and for that, I thank you. She took a long tow on her cigarette and blew it sideways. However, one final bit of advice. The next time a senior administrator of the CIA tells you she has a national-security crisis . . . Her eyes flashed black. Leave the bullshit in Cambridge.Langdon opened his mouth to speak, but Director Inoue Sato had al relieve oneself turned and was headed off ac ross the parking lot toward a waiting helicopter.Simkins glanced over his shoulder, stone-faced. Are you gentlemen ready?Actually, Solomon said, just one moment. He produced a small, folded piece of dark fabric and handed it to Langdon. Robert, Id like you to put this on before we go anywhere.Puzzled, Langdon examined the cloth. It was black velvet. As he unfolded it, he realized he was holding a Masonic hoodwinkthe traditional blindfold of a first-degree initiate. What the hell?Peter said, Id prefer you not see where were going.Langdon turned to Peter. You want to blindfold me for the journey?Solomon grinned. My secret. My rules.

Career Development

The relationship amongst early c atomic number 18er success and participating in an undergraduate electron orbit internship extends earlier research on the effects of formal marketing education on rush success. C areer focus includes the recognition of the personal valued, work-related outcomes and the vocational abilities and interests are important to attain work satisfaction. (Taylor, 1992) Interns benefit from developing career aspirations and self-concept. (Madoch, 1980)Undergraduates who have completed their internship program have a greater sense of responsibility and career development. (Borzak, 1979) (Williams, 1990) (Eyler, 1992).Internship helps to decide career choice and future job satisfaction. (Taylor, 1992) A abide by of intern and non-intern business of a north eastern US public university indicated fundamental early career advantages for undergraduate with internship experiences advantage included less time to obtain first position increase monitory compensat ion, and grater overall job satisfaction. In addition to the career benefits provided to the students. ( (gualt, redington, & schlager, 2000)CompensationCompensated interns have more successful internships. Compensation is strongly recommended to make the experience realistic (Madoch, 1980) Offering compensation is a sign of hold water to interns. (Berger, 1992)Although compensation for an interns work can be a certain unit of academic credit, but the best way to pay is still monetary reward, and survey shows the interns who received payments evaluated their internships higher. (Bacow, 1993). ). Even if it is a minimum wage, compensation acts as a reminder that students are in the real world where they are supposed to call and feel like employees /professionals.The National Association of Colleges and Employers says interns who get paid are almost twice as likely as their unpaid counterparts to get a job offer when they graduate. (Herships, 2013) Paid internship may also create a more competitive applicant pool. (University, n.d.)Furthermore, by paying the interns, the sponsoring organization can show up its commitment in making the internship meaningful. (Hamilton, 1992).And also Paid internships offer students a way to gain relevant knowledge and the skills required to succeed in a specific career field while making some money through an hourly wage, weekly salary, or stipend over the course of the internship. (LORETTO, 2018)The topic of paid internships being offered by employers are increasing in the Universities across America. According to the employers it is due to the high amount of lawsuits regarding interns being used to performing humble chores (like taking out the trash) that have been filed over the past few years. Companies wants to protect their companies, therefore they try to are keep a watchful eye on these lawsuits.The companies think that paying their interns seems like the first step in doing the right thing and taking the responsibi lity to compensate someone (no matter how young and inexperienced) for tasks performed.so, the no of job offers has increased as well as the undergraduates have got the opportunity to do a paid internship. Paid internship helps to motivate the undergraduate interns. (LORETTO, 2018) Therefore, Compensation is positively associated with the successfulness of internship program.Industry Exposure/Experiential EducationTheres no substitute for hands-on experience. (LORETTO, 2018)An experiential education can be described as all programs that are designed to expand the setting of learning experiences beyond the traditional school environment to occupational and community settings and these programs use planned experience to promote cooperation between traditional educational institutions and business, industry, labor, government and community groups to support learning. (Miller) Experiential Learning is important for the interns. It is also a crucial factor to the successfulness of intern ship program.As for our research area we only try to finalize the Student lieu factors of successful internship program. We are going to check whether the above discovered student sight factors are accurate and match with the student perspective of KDU Undergraduates.Chapter SummaryThe above literature shows that most of the foreign researchers were concerned about this fare and they have done their studies regarding this issue in the global context. Success of the internship program depends upon the influences or factors which affected for the internship program. The competency and motivation of all parties involved are indispensable for a successful internship programs.As we mentioned above the identified three perspectives are Organizational Perspective, University Perspective and Student Perspective. According to our study area we discovered Skill Development, Self-confidence and Attitudes, Academic planning and Evaluation, Career Development, Compensation and Industry Exposu re as the Student Perspective factors from those previous researches. Those are essential to the undergraduates who have to participate in the internship program in the near future.Research methodologyIntroductionThis Chapter provides an outline for the research methodology of this study to answer the research questions. This contents of the Research Design, Research Approach, Sampling Method, information Collection Method and Data Analysis Method etc.Research Design, Approach and MethodThe purpose of this research is to explore the factors affected on successful internship program on student perspective of KDU. So this Experimental study is done based on Positivism. We developed a hypothesis based on the existing theory and conniving the research strategy to test the hypothesis, therefore our study is according to the Deductive Approach. And also this study is a Cross-sectional Study. We collected numerical entropy that are analyze using mathematically based methods, therefore o ur research method is Quantitative.Conceptual FrameworkAccording to the study, it is mainly considered that what factors affecting on successful internship program of Student Perspective. The following figure shows the conceptual framework of this study.Independent Variables Dependent VariableSource- Developed by the ResearchersFor the success of an internship program they are the essential factors according to the student perspective that need to be developed by the Intern Undergraduates. In here, the dependent uncertain is Successful Internship program. There are five independent variables which affect for the successfulness of the internship program, namely Skill Development, Self-confidence and Attitudes, Academic Preparedness and Evaluation, Career Development, Compensation and Industry Exposure. Therefore, those factors are the positive influences affected for the successful internship program.OperationalizationSource Developed by the ResearchersWe selected the sample size as 80 Undergraduates from the population Simple random sampling technique was employed in the selecting the sample from the targeted population. We sent the structured questionnaires to the respondents as google forms using online social medias to access easily and filled out the questionnaires so that the true responses could be obtained.Data Collection MethodTo measure how those independent variable factors relationship with the dependent variable successful internship program we collected adequate information by using Questionnaires as primary data.As Secondary data we collected by means of extensive literature study that includes textbooks, diary articles, internet based web searches and research data bases.Data analytical Tool.In order to transform information in to quality data and to check reliability of them, Completed questionnaires and answers used to inspect and editing. Then Data would be analyzed using analytical tools such as Excel, mean, median, skewness measures depen ding on the nature of the data set. And also we used IBM SPSS Software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) to analyze the data. descriptive statistics based on frequency tables, graphs and charts used to provide information. The Descriptive Statistics which have used in this study are based on tables frequency distribution, and graphical presentation with the respect to the information of the respondents.ConclusionThis study is designed to be quantitative that collect data using Questionnaires as Primary data and textbooks, journal articles, internet based web searches and research data bases as secondary data This is an Experimental study which is based on positivism. And also it is in deductive approach. This study has done according to the correct guidelines in order to achieve the core purpose of this Research.

Negotiation: Game Theory

Negotiation The use of gamy conjecture could be a powerful force in talks. Investigate the different ship lowlifeal that bouncing Theory finish be used or manipulated to change an number in a negotiation. Negotiation The use of Game Theory could be a powerful force in negotiation. Investigate the different ways that Game Theory hobo be used or manipulated to change an outcome in a negotiation. Quentin Dutartre Yash Ruia Damien Canneva Kilian Bus Emilien Allier David Schil Quentin Dutartre Yash Ruia Damien Canneva Kilian Bus Emilien Allier David Schil Contents Introduction2 What is the Game theory? Theory4 Making loyaltys promises and threats4 Basic situation4 Unique upgrade/Win situation5 Commitments and expression collapsements5 Pris nonpareilrs dilemma7 The Simplest Game Two Person with a Fixed Pie8 Tacit Barganining8 How to act upon during a negotiation9 Breakthrough Strategy9 Tactics10 Limits11 The modelisation11 The interpretation12 Conclusion13 Sources13 Intr oduction Our group decided to work on the soak up three The use of Game Theory could be a powerful force in negotiation. Investigate the different ways that Game Theory can be used or manipulated to change an outcome in a negotiation.The modern Game Theory was created in 1944 with the book Theory of haltings and frugal appearance by Oskar Mogenstern and John Von Neumann. It was also developed a solidification in the 1950s with several studies by John Nash. After our seminary about negotiation we horizon it would be precise interesting to crap slightly research about the Game Theory. Indeed, we make whatsoever researches on the Game Theory in our foremost year in IESEG in our economic classes. That is why we were a bit surprised to see that this theory could be also used in a negotiation process to analyze it.It seems to be obvious that using the concepts of that theory could change the course of a negotiation and be unders tood as a manipulation or just a skill to achiev e the goals of the agents in a negotiation. We decided to divide our work in three infracts. First, we pull up stakes define the Game Theory and make some examples. Secondly, we entrust make an synthesis on how to act as a negotiator during a negotiation. Finally, on the third part we impart talk about the limits and the interpretation we can make on that loose. Generally, we can say that our goal is to extend the concept of Game Theory.Indeed, we imagined it alone in an economic vision and we involve to extend it to a negotiation vision. What is the Game theory? The Game theory is a method to story the strategic decision- qualification. More formally, it is the area of the mathematical models of conflict and the cooperation between intelligent reasonable decision-makers. An alternative term suggested as a more descriptive key for the discipline is the theory of interactive decision. The Game Theory is mainly used in the economy, the political science and the psychology, as well as the logic, negotiation and the biology.The subject of the (landed) at first sent zero-sum games, such as the earnings(gains) of a person equal exactly the clear(net) losses of the otherwise participant (s). Today, however, the Game theory applies to a vast mental image of relations of class and developed in a term of umbrella for the logical attitude of science, to include twain man and non-people, as com put downers. Classic uses include the direction of the balance in numerous games, where every person order or developed a tactics which can non successfully come apart its results, given the other approach.Theory Making commitments promises and threats The first assumption to be made is that the goal of any negotiation is to enlarge the pay off for both sides, and in most cases agreements has to be made in golf-club to achieve threadting a Win/Win situation. These agreements can be made by making either promises or threats. In both cases, the idea is to benefit from an enlargement of the total pie nonplused by making commitments. Basic situation In the following example, both sides are looking forward to get atting the better pay off.At first sight, Neil seems to wipe out a better hand since he is able to have payments by using both of his strategies duration go after can only win by using strategy 1. It is obvious that Neil would better use strategy 1 in order to maximize his payoffs expectations. But Bob would in all probability p signify using his second strategy than winning slight than Neil, though it would result in a Loose/Loose situation. Bob will probably threatens to take strategy 2 if Neil chooses the first one. The only way to obtain a Win/Win situation though is for Neil to make a commitment he must promise to choose 2 if Bob chooses 1.This is the most basic commitment example. Unique Win/Win situation In the following one, thither is one only scenario which allows the deuce player to win, exactly commitments must be m ade buy both sides in order to reach the best situation for both. Here, Neil will probably initially chose strategy 1 in order to forfend loss, but he wont be able to gain anything though. Bob would probably choose to maximize his payoffs expectations by choosing the first strategy. Finally, neither Bob nor Neil will get payoffs, so that we obtain a Loose/Loose result, which is not acceptable.They both have to promise to choose the second strategy in order to win. Commitments and side payments In this last example, it is not possible to reach a Win/Win agreement but by making side payment. Side payments allows to change the total pie, and though to reach the targeted situation. In this particular scenario, initially Neil would choose the first strategy, which is not acceptable for Bob in both cases. Moreover, Bob cant threaten Neil to choose either a strategy or another. This is a very bad situation for Bob.He will probably choose strategy 1 in order to minimize Neils payoffs, and though gain nothing. But, fortunately he can also promise side payments, which could change the total pie. As a matter of fact, if he pays $2 for Neil to calve strategy 2, we create a Win/Win situation which will allow both sides to get payoffs. Through this part were going to apply the concept of promises and threats into a concrete situation of negotiation. We set the situation, we have 2 participants, one will be selling an apartment two a possible buyer. At first sight, the man in power is the seller as he fixes the price.Nevertheless, the buyer can use the threat technique, saying he wont accept the offer. This decision would place our two actors in a lose/lose situation. Indeed, if the buyer is in the situation of losing the negotiation he will choose to make his antonym loose too. Thus in order to obtain a win/win situation, the seller must not be too greedy to convince his customer. In another way, if the seller wants to be sure to succeed, he can promise the buyer an off er that will automatically put the buyer in a state of winning. Prisoners dilemma The captives dilemma is one of the most famous games.It is quite easy to understand and gives a good idea of different possibilities in negociation and the interest of cooperation. The main idea is that two burglars get caught by the police after a robbery, and they are interrogated separately. They have two options either they say that the other guy is guilty or they say hes not. Considering ones interest separately, the best situation for him is to use the guilty option while the other chooses the not guilty option. In this case, the first guy will get only 1year of jail while the other one will get 5 years.Therefore it is very risky to choose the not guilty option. If we account the two as one, the most interesting situation is that both of them choose the not guilty option, whereas the worst is both choosing the guilty option. This is one of the simplest examples of a Win/Win, Win/Loose or Loose/ Loose situation. They can both act individually using the guilty option, and get 3 years of jail each, or they can cooperate, use the not guilty strategy and get only 2 years both. The major thing to be remembered is that trust is crucial in negotiations.It leads to the only Win/Win situation possible and credibility is needful to avoid defection. The Simplest Game Two Person with a Fixed Pie When think of people negotiating, a very simple scenario comes into mind, where one person wins and the other fails to win. This is a very simple scenario and one of the first that game theory attempted to solve. Lets take a very simple example where Nathan owes Barbara some money and they cant decide on how much. Both of them have two options available to them, but the final decision depends not only on what strategy they choose, but also on what strategy is chosen by their opponent.Nathan will choose to pay a minimum of 40 and Barbara will want to take the maximum of permits say, 60. This i s a very simple scenario and one can easily bode out that the outcome will be 50. 40 50 50 60 However this illustrated a very important concept called the Minimax theorem which tells us to pick the strategy the minimizes the opponents maximum gain. Nathan will pick strategy 2 in order to not pay 60 while Barbara would pick strategy 1 to avoid only getting remunerative 40. The more variables one has, the more complex the game becomes to solve.Therefore it is a good idea to have lesser number of variables, similarly we need to have a clear idea of what we need in order to reduce unimportant options. Reducing the number of variables one has is always a good idea, even if one is not really reducing the number of variables it is important to show to the opponent that you only have some variables to win. For example, when a customer asks for something one can refer to standardized guidelines or not having permission from the boss to reduce variables. Tacit Barganining. This term was fir st coined by Thomas Schelling.Who did some experimental research and found out the following facts * When asked to pick any number, 40% chose the number 1. * When asked to pick any amount of money almost all people chose a figure divisible by 10 * When people were told that they had to meet someone else but had to guess the time almost all chose noon. We often succumb to a lot of convections even without doing it consciously. It is normal for people to follow the laws of fairness and equilibrium no one wants to be seen as deviating from the norm.Therefore its usually a good idea to make the first move in a negotiation so that you can create the framework and make clear that you are precedent. In a negotiation, fetching the initiative doesnt seem to be the best thing to do when you start it. Indeed, when you ask somebody to start negotiations, generally he is reticent to do so. Nevertheless asking the first proposal allows you to be able to negotiate on this basis, thats why you s hould do it first. Establish a precedence as we said before is a tool to start negotiating. The thing is, there is always a argaining whereas you dont even notice it. Its called the understood bargaining. How to act during a negotiation Breakthrough Strategy In order to reach your goals through using the game theory to negotiate you will need to apply a strategy you will respect during the entire negotiation. Thats why we can use the breakthrough strategy. This breakthrough strategy is base on five steps and permits to solve issues during the negotiation process. Its aim is to offer the two parties the possibility to work together rather than appearing as two adversaries.Nevertheless, this strategy needs to be remembered and followed as it wouldnt be the intuitive reaction. These five steps are to firstly stay focused. In fact, the goal is to have your mind clear and not be parasite by your emotions. You need to have an overall view on the entire negotiation and to not get lose on a specific point. Then, you need to accept the counter-party. Indeed, being as empathic as possible is very important throughout the negotiation process as creating a climate of exchange is primordial to obtain a win/win situation.This can be perfectly illustrated by the prisoner dilemma. Both parties searching for their proper interest without regarding his opponent situation will lead to lose/lose. Thereafter, the participant will reframe the negotiation. It is based on rephrasing the opponent arguments enhancing the common interest. This will permit that both side look for the fairest deal possible. Once again you need to look through the other negotiators eyes in building a golden tide over. This means trying to understand if, in his situation, you will accept the deal as it is now.You will therefore see when to nail down the negotiation in order that the counter-party doesnt feel pushed in the conclusion. Finally, to make it hard to refuse by using the power game as threats or rank(a) is the most common mistake made at the end of the negotiation. In fact, by using press downing his chance to refuse you also lower his chance to accept the deal. Thus, by having used the four precedent steps, you have create a negotiation climate that will present your golden bridge as the best common interest for the parties. Tactics Tactic is about anticipating what the negotiator is going to do.You have to prepare several strategies in order to obtain what you want from these negotiations. First, there are the behavioral tactics, whose aim is to differentiate the negotiation in its role of commission of a third person or a come with and the person who plays this role. Negotiators when using these tactics can operate in many ways. They can use a spokesman for representation, or the executive person or a delegated representative. You have to create a positive frame if you want to obtain concessions from the person youre negotiating with.Moreover, you have to establis h limits in your area of negotiation. Anchoring is a tool that has to be established in order to be able to make adjustments between the two parties in the future. Adjustments and anchoring are important because they have an encroachment on negotiators. They lead them to what is possible and doable during the negotiation. Another mean is to influence the negotiator as an individual. As if, the negotiator is using its unique and common sense impression during an argumentation. Some tactics can be based on ethic and morality.If you think the proposition is unfair or contrary to the usual behavior or even illegal, you can use these tactics by pointing up the fact that the proposition is unethical. Tactics is not only about the tender-hearted and the social part there is also a part of a negotiation that is about the balance of power between the two parties. The main goal of this tactic is to let the other party see that accepting one request would have an important impact on the co st and that we are going to make them pay for that. The deterrence impact shouldnt be ignored in a negotiation.Commitment in a negotiation is of paramount importance. It is one of the three strategic strikes with bluff and threat. The thing is that negotiators have naturally the tendency to commit themselves into the negotiation. Instead of trying to develop its requirements and modifying its position, he will start conflict in order to put pressure on its opponent. It puts the opponent in a tough position accept our request or he will have to face the distress of the negotiation. And thats exactly what he wants to avoid. Otherwise, its role would be useless.This tactic can lead to a dead-end, but its a stuck situation that doesnt consider the balance of power between the two parties. Threats are different from commitment as they are more flexible and have a longer range of existence. They are various as they can be explicit or implicit. They are the direct consequences of the fail ure of negotiations and can be introduce by the company of the negotiator. They have to be used sparingly because threats without any actions discredited any negotiators and especially its company. In the future, it would have an impact on the approach of the opponent regarding the company.Limits The study of a complex negotiation situation with the help of a model places two major complementary problems the modeling itself (the passage of the reality to a variate idealized of this reality) and the interpretation (inverse approach) The modelisation Modelisation is a very hard job. We can resume it as the stage of transforming reality problem into a matrix. The modelisation consists in creating a representation simplified by a problem the model. But as every transformation, problems could be highlight. Some characteristics, some influence can be overestimated or less estimated. How to model the respective influences of the parameters (functional dependence, indeed if such or such pa rameter exercises one dominating influence or on the contrary, unimportant in first estimate, etc. ) * How measure the values of the parameters (variables of situation or history of the previous negotiations for example) and how fire of a model of the theoretical results (or of experimental simulation). And at least the human factor is very difficult to imagine and to predict. The process of modelisation tries doing it.But through his experience, his character, his objectives or his approach, each human is different. So a model would try to simplify it but of course will make errors. The interpretation Indeed, we already possess a completely realistic model it is the real world itself. Yet this model is too much complicated to be understandable. It is only when a simplifying postulate ends in a model which supplies incorrect answers to the questions which it is supposed to answer that its lack of realism can be considered as an imperfection. Otherwise, its lack of realism is then a virtue.In that case, the simplifying postulate allows to isolate certain effects and to facilitate the understanding. How to interpret the results supplied by the model, suppose that there is (problem of adequacy of the model to the reality). Does such result of the model express suitably the real situation, in spite of the simplifications and the untidy parameters? Like the modelisation, Interpretation is a tuff job. The human factor is a hard to forecast. Game theoretic predictions may not be confirmed in experiments (the real life). Is this a fault of game theory? Yes people are simply not rational * No maybe we get the information technology wrong (absentmindedness), or payoffs are not specified correctly (altruism). The advantage of assuming rationality is that we can think through situations (how can irrationality be modeled). The advantage of assuming selfish behavior is that it is unique (what means altruism, inequity aversion etc. ). Conclusion As a conclusion we have st udied all the aspects about the Game Theory and that helped us to understand that it is a useful tool not only about economic classes but also for negotiation.Indeed, we have made a cerebrate between the different sorts of Game Theory and the different cases you can face during a negotiation process. As it is often the case, we found that one of the strongest conditions to succeed in a negotiation is to be able to adapt your body language and attitude according to the characters and features of your contradictor(s). Using the Game Theory could help you to make a strategy and to adapt your goals to any case which is in front of you.However, it is never possible to make a perfect prediction of how the person who is just in front of you and it is very important to be cautious enough, that means that you must rank the risks of any strategy you will try during a negotiation. We can take a final example You start a meeting being sure you will use the theory of the prisoners dilemma becau se you thought you perfectly understood the mood of the other agent. Imagine one second that you made a very big mistake because you dont know that the person in front of you has just been left by his wife (for example) and he is very upset.That situation is a good illustration of the risks of using the Game Theory as a perfect and trusting strategy for negotiation. We can finally say that using the Game Theory can be very positive in a negotiation and you can consider it as a very useful tool. However, we have to be very careful because some parts of this theory can be assimilated as a manipulation and this theory is not a miracle solution every negotiation is different and you cant always predict the features and mood of your contradictors. Sources * http//dlhoh. hubpages. com/hub/Negotiation-Skill-Dilemma * http//hbswk. hbs. du/item/2773. html * http//www. digitaltonto. com/2009/game-theory-guide-to-negotiations/ * http//www2. warwick. ac. uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/academic/muth oo/publications/bargwc. pdf * http//www. negotiation. hut. fi/learning-modules/IntroToGTAndNego/index. html * http//www. economist. com/node/21527025 * http//www. google. fr/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=negotiation+game+theory&source=web&cd=9&ved=0CHoQFjAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty. haas. berkeley. edu%2Frjmorgan%2Fmba211%2FCourse%2520Overview. ppt&ei=vgibT_juBoek4AS8ys2pDg&usg=AFQjCNF5FpD-1CO77pM9Ae0oXFzY0SeGCQ&cad=rja

Identify the Main Factors Shaping the Structure of an Organisation Essay

The structure of an organisation refers to the pattern of relationships that exists between different parts of the business and between the different raft who work within it. Organisations are organise in a variety of ways, dependant on their objectives and culture. The wrong organisation structure pass on hinder the success of the business. Internal factors such as size, crossway and scientific disciplines of the workforce influence the organizational structure. As a business expands the chain of command will lengthen and the spans of control will widen.The higher the level of skill each employee has the more the business will make use of the matrix structure to maximize these skills across the organization. A Matrix structure organisation contains teams of people created from various sections of the business. These teams will be created for the purposes of a specific project and will be led by a project manager. Often the team will only exist for the duration of the project a nd matrix structures are usually deployed to develop new products and services.The advantages of a matrix include Individuals can be chosen according to the needs of the project. The use of a project team which is dynamic and able to view problems in a different way as specialists break been brought together in a new environment. Project managers are directly responsible for completing the project within a specific deadline and budget.In adopting a Matrix structure could entail some disadvantages which may include A conflict of loyalty between line managers and project managers over the allocation of resources. If teams get under ones skin a lot of independence can be difficult to monitor. Costs can be increased if more managers (ie project managers) are created through the use of project teams. Organisational structures should aim to maximize the efficiency and success of the Organisation. An effective organisational structure will facilitate working relationships between v arious sections of the organisation. It will retain hallow and command whilst promoting flexibility and creativity

Oppisition Arguments Essay

Animals deserve the akin rights as people because they can feel pain therefore, everyone in the world should become vegetarians. Animals do not deserve the same rights as humans. If so then we should give plants and vegetables rights as well. We kill a lot more plants then we do animals, so I believe that everyone should polish off strictly meat only. America should not act as a World Policeman because it has enough domestic issues of its own to deal with. Even though America has a lot bases throughout the world, this does not mean that we are the world Policeman. We are just helping our allies so we could keep business with these countries for natural Resources. Immigration should be allowed without any caps because it brings in skilled workers and increases the cultural variety of American Society. If we decided to take the cap off on immigration then we can see a lot more businesses hiring cheaper labor which means the unemployment percentage will go up and cause us to perk up another great depression.Parents should never be held trustworthy for the crimes of their juvenile children because children should be held responsible for their own actions, even if it means trying them as an adult. Parents should be held responsible for their kids because it is their job to raise them and look after them. If they were watching their kids then their kids probably wouldnt be committing crimes. Beauty pageants are a fantastic way for upstart girls to increase their self-esteem, practice public speaking and cultivate their talents. Beauty pageants are one of the worst places for young girls to increase self-esteem. Youre in a controversy were all the contestants are trying to be the most beautiful of them all and will try to put you down to win.

Jade Goody’s life – creative writing

As I turned on the TV to catch the first episode of colossal Brother 3, I watched eagerly as each housemate entered the storied Big Brother House. One by one the participants passed over the threshold like lambs be lead to the slaughter. They wore nervous smiles of anticipation. The third housemate caught my eye she was a twenty year old dental nurse who spent her early years in Bermondsey. run down soon earned her place in the house, as the majority of housemates were picked decisively to keep the audience amused. labour was known for causing trouble throughout her date in the BB house, containing up drunk and she was also criticized for backstabbing. From then on she was known as a loud mouthed rebel, who had a poor standard of knowledge, save she withstood numerous amounts of evictions and her popularity grew. Her time in the BB house soon came to an end and overall she came fourth in the competition. bores life in the public eye did not end on that point and then she had a few years of publicity ahead of herAlso read The Story of an Eyewitness Essay AnalysisDetermined and strong, fire hydrant carried on in the spotlight and appeared in numerous gossip oriented womens magazines such as Heat and OK She was one of the most talked about celebrities for weeks afterward the BB house. I admired her courage and go awaypower to stay popular, and in 2006 I was pleased to hear that she put herself forward to take part in the capital of the United Kingdom marathon. I was proud of her because she was doing it for charity there was a lot of negative publicity about this as volume did not think that she would be satisfactory to finish the race. Anyone who is willing to participate in any form of marathon must have fortitude to do so as twenty half-dozen miles is an extensive distance. But as her drive took her to a dedicated twenty one miles her body gave in. It shows how much degenerate wanted to finish the race as she did not stop until she was at the st ate of collapse. I think this reflects me as I usually dont give up until I am injured, or there is something permanently blocking my path This is one of the reasons why I look up to Jade, although she had her defaults she aspired to grow in knowledge and acquire respect from the public.Very seldom did Jade seem despondent about the harsh press, and thats what I think kept her spillage. She even published her own autobiography Jade My Autobiography. Many people had no clue as to how Jade was brought up, and when this book was released in May 2006 numerous people were intrigued to find out how tough her upbringing was. Her father who was of mix race was a drug addict who a frequent visitor in her majesties service. Jades mother, Jackiey Budden separated from Jades father and was left to bring her up single handedly. This was demanding for Jades mother, hardly I can relate to Jade as I no longer live with my dad.After appearing on Big Brother three, Jade decided she would accept th e invitation to enter Celebrity Big Brother five, as she was now a public figure. At this point in her courier Jade had earned between ii million and eight million pounds. I think most people do not aspire to become famous through reality TV, as it doesnt require talent.Jades second appearance on BB included her Mother and Boyfriend entering the Big Brother house. This was when the whole racial feud between Jade and the Bollywood star Shilper Shetty took place. I felt that Jade made a fool of herself on national TV and my respect for her took a step back. As I watched the headlines I questioned whether Jade should be the only one to blame. As Jade began to redeem herself I valued her strength of take care to get her life back on track.In late 2008 Jade appeared in Indias version of BB, Big Boss. I didnt think it would do anything for Jade as Shilper Shetty was going to appear on Big Boss alongside her. I was worried for Jade after the ordeal she went through previously. But nothin g was said and two days into the show something awful had been uncovered. Something that made me shudder at the thought because she was a young mum with all of her life ahead of her. Something finally that could be terminal. She had been diagnosed with cervical cancer. It was all over the headlines, and when I heard I felt disbelief. The first thing that came to mind was her two sons. How is it going to affect their lives? How are they going to cope? Jade was immediately flown back to England for further testing.From that day on Jade suffered. She was strong willed and kept her battle up for a year. Her story really touched me, and this is why I have chosen to write about her because I think she is an inspiration to many women out there. It has been made apparent that because Jade made her battle with cancer so publicized more women will be aware of cervical cancer and a lot more will be saved. I think that by saving just one life, Jades short life will not have been in vein. Jade h ad her ups and downs, only when at the end of the day if she has prompted women to get checked out then she is, in my eye a hero.

Causes and Consequences of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu

Causes and consequences of the battle of Dien Bien Phu Examine the causes and consequences and consequences of the battle of Dien Bien Phu, 1954, which affected the lives of the Vietnamese until the 1960s. Dien Bien Phu, 1954, was the final battle of the first Indo- chinaware war. unchanging 55 days, the battle had french troops attempt to hold an armed camp once against the Viet Minh, who greatly out-numbered them. Dien Bien Phu was situated in a valley in northerly Vietnam, surrounded by mountains.The cut believed this strategic setting would give them an advantage, but the Viet Minh were clever. They tunnelled their way into the the French camp and after seven weeks of brutal, intense fighting the French commander Henri Navarre, ordered a ceasefire. The causes of this event are the division of Vietnam, 1946 and the first Indo-China war, 1946-54. The battle of Dien Bien Phu also had important consequences that affected the lives of the Vietnamese. These are the Geneva company, 1954 and the ap head wording of Ngo Dinh Diem as Prime parson of the State of Vietnam.The first cause of the battle of Dien Bien Phu was the division of Vietnam in 1946. After thousands of years of occupation, Vietnam and its people had developed a industrial-strength sensory faculty of nationalism. During World War II, it was once again sedulous, this time by the Japanese. When Japan surrendered in 1945, Vietnam was free for the first time. Ho Chi Minh and his fighting force The Viet Minh, took wangle of the country. On September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the representative Republic of Vietnam. However, their happy independence did not last long.The Allies of WWII agreed that Indo-China should be occupied by the Chinese nationalists, who were fighting the communists at the time, with the South being insureled by the British. When the British arrived, their general, Gracey, began to organise the return of the French. With the Chinese nationalists busy fighting a well- mannered war at home in China, Ho Chi Minhs democratic republic was allowed to continue, however, in February 1946, the Chinese nationalists handed northern Vietnam back to the French. Things were once again how they had been before the Japanese occupation in WWII.This lead to the battle of Dien Bien Phu, as the Viet Minh were angered that their newly gained independence had been stripped away. The French were back in control of the entire country of Vietnam and Ho Chi Minhs forces were prepared to fight to regain the independence they had yearned for for centuries. The second cause of the battle of Dien Bien Phu was the first Indo-China war, 1946-54. With the French back in control of Vietnam, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was crushed. Neither the French nor the Viet Minh like the others presence in Vietnam.Tensions were high and war was coming. Finfriend on 23 November, 1946, the French planes and ships bombed the Vietnamese section of the Haiphong Port. This attack killed ap proximately 6,000 people. For a few weeks there were acts of revenge from the Vietnamese, and counter-revenge by the French, until war began on 19 December. The Viet Minhs tactic was guerrilla warfare, while the French tried to proceed with a more traditional style of fighting. The French decided to put the former emperor Bao Dai, back on the throne, to placate to Vietnamese people.This lead to two opposing groups of Vietnamese fighters. By 1949, Mao Zedong won the civil war in China, meaning Ho Chi Minh now had an ally on the northern border. With Maos influence, the Viet Minhs tactic changed from guerilla warfare to mobile warfare, meaning they now launched larger, deadlier offensive attacks. Chinese materials supported their assault, while the US sent materials to the French. When China became involved in the Korean War in 1950, materials ceased to flow into Vietnam, although the Viet Minh were persistant and despite their lack of resources, they continued to fight back.By this p oint, war had been on for a duration of sextuplet years. The French began to recruit Vietnamese soldiers, although they distrusted them greatly. Even so, it became apparent that the Viet Minh vastly outnumbered them. By 1953, the French knew the war had to end, fast. General Navarre devised a plan to trap the Viet Minh into attacking the liquidation of Dien Bien Phu. The first Indo-China war was a cause of the battle of Dien Bien Phu, as it was set up by the French as a way to end the war, although this didnt precisely go to plan.The first consequence of the battle of Dien Bien Phu was the Geneva conference. In February 1954, Britain, France, the USSR and the United States planned a conference to decide the fate of Korea and Indo-China. On April 26, 1954 the conference opened. Korea was the principal(prenominal) focus of the conference until the day after the battle of Dien Bien Phu, at which point the focus changed to Vietnam. Besides the four main powers, others attending the conference included China, Cambodia, Laos, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the State of Vietnam.The US was strongly opposed to the idea of a united, communist Vietnam, due to plans such as the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. It was decide that Vietnam would be split at the seventeenth parallel, with Ho Chi Minh controlling the communist North and Bao Dai in charge of the capitalist South. The people of Vietnam had 200 days to take in which side of the border to move to and the Viet Minh had 300 days to move back to the North. The idea was that a general election would be held in July 1956, at which point the people of Vietnam would vote to decide its fate.This declaration was never signed, but was simply a verbal agreement, which was opposed by both the US and the State of Vietnam. This conference was a consequence of the battle of Dien Bien Phu, as it signalled the end of French control in Indo-China. A second consequence of the battle of Dien Bien Phu was the appoin ting of Nga Dinh Diem as Prime attend of the State of Vietnam. Due to the communist control in the North, Vietnam had gained the express attention of the United States.Due to their strong anti-communist stance, the US decided to back to back Ngo Dinh Diem as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam. This was due to the fact that Diem was a devout Catholic and ardent anti-Communist. Diem took office on 1 July 1954, he had heavy pecuniary support from the US to help fix Vietnam, much of which has been undone in the war. His immediate task was to crush his rivals this included two religious sects the Cao Dai and Hoa Hao, which he destroyed with military offensives and bribes. Also his firing line was emperor Bao Dai, who he got rid of by rigging a referendum.Diem promoted members of his family into high government positions, which lead to more of a mess than an organised government. In 1956, Diem felt strong enough to refuse the planned elections to untie Vietnam. He had gained many e nemies, and decided to isolate himself, relying on his family for information. In response to the hatred of Diem, a South-Vietnamese communist movement was organised, they were named the Viet Cong. They gathered support from the people of South-Vietnam by using brain-washing techniques they also launched a guerrilla attack against the enemy.As the Viet Congs powers grew, so did the American support. But Diem became even less popular, and his number of enemies grew. In October 1963, the American government cut off some of its aid to Diems government. On 1 November Diem and his brother fled the presidential palace, but were captured and shot by their own generals. This was the end of Diem. His appointment was a consequence of the battle of Dien Bien Phu, as it is was a solution to the strong communist presence in the country that resulted from the success of the Viet Minh in the battle.The battle of Dien Bien Phu was a monumental event in Vietnam which decided the fate of Vietnam for the next 50 years. The causes of which were the division of Vietnam in 1946, and the first Indo-China war, 1946-54. There were also consequences that affected the people of Vietnam, such as the Geneva conference, 1954 and the appointment of Ngo Dinh Diem as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam. These consequences are not directly linked to the battle, but they are consequences of it nonetheless. Without the battle of Dien Bien Phu, who knows how Vietnam would have turned out.

Plato’s “Myth of the cave” Essay

Platos fiction of the cave is an argument that we arseholet be sure we know reality. This story illustrates Platos idealism. The objectives we see, hear, sand of touch are shadows of the real things. The reason is human beings dont have a total sense of a real and complete life because of the world.In this story, Plato use a dialog between a teacher and student, it describes a group of prisoners enchained inside a cave, sit behind a fire, they cant see each other or the nature of reality, or the heavens, only able to sapidity forward. The fire casts shadows on the cave wall, which they see and it is the only reality they know. They cant truly cut into what they see, as they are prevented from its true source and nature. One day one of the prisoners having managed to free himself from his chains hop out from the cave and see the truth. He will at first be blinded by the lighter of the world. But after some time and effort, he will be able to see anything that resembled what h e knew as reality before.He will be able to see the entire world around him, and appreciate the beauty of the world. Through this knowledge he will become aware of his place in the world. Finally he goes back again into the darkened cave to tell the people still chained up in the cave about the real word outside. Accustomed to the outside world full of nature light, the rescuer in the darkness of the cave and looks foolish to those inside. The cave dwellers laughing at him for his queasy ideas and insist that they are perfectly happy where they are. They would not believe and would ridicule him, and if they could lay hands on him, they would kill him. However, the prisoner would know what is right, even if all those around him disbelieve it.In Platos novel of the cave points a person who is set free, and goes out to see the real world, and what lies behind the shadows of light that we see. Having been pundit to the nature of reality, it is not easy to explain this to others. Huma ns in their unenlightened beginnings are symbolized as intent at the back of a dark cave. The shadowy environment of the cave symbolizes for Plato the physical world of appearances. equivocation into the outside the cave symbolizes the transition to the real world, the world of full and perfect being, the world of forms, which is the proper object of knowledge.

Malcolm X: Misunderstood

In the year of 1960s, the civil right movement was at its peak. At this time, fatefuls were mistreated and discriminated against and because of that, the Negroes were searching for a draw who can change the status of blacks. What is a contributeer? A leader is, according to a dictionary, a guiding or directing head, as of an army, movement, or semipolitical group. There is no doubt that Malcolm X, formerly known as El Hajj Malik El Shabazz, had umpteen characteristics of a corking leader written all over him, when he coupled the Nation of Islam.As a result, African Americans looked up to Malcolm X, who called himself the angriest Negro in America, for leadership. In this paper, I am going to struggle that Malcolm was a great leader, who gave his purport for the struggle for equal rights in the richest and more or less powerful country of the world, the USA. In a country, where ein truthbody seeks to fulfill the American hallucination, tho where many large number live in a nightmare. For that, he should be remembered along with Martin Luther King Jr. To fully understand how great of a leader that he was, we need to take a closed look at Malcolm Xs life.Malcolm led three extraordinary lives in less than four decades first as Malcolm Little, a convicted burglar and con man as Malcolm X, the Nation of Islams flamboyant orator finally, as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, organizing an international approach to the problems besetting African Americans. It all began when Malcolm Littles confidence and dream was shattered and crashed. His teacher told him that he had to be realistic about being a nigger. (Malcolm X 118) I dont think Malcolm would became what he was if it was not for his teachers comment on his dream of becoming a lawyer wholeness day.Then, we pay Minister Malcolm X, who devoted his life to the article of faith of Elijah Muhammad. The Honorable Elijah Muhammad is giving us true identity, and a true position the first time they realise ever been known to the American black man. (Malcolm X 356) Malcolm was fascinated by the discipline, the obedience, and the strong sense of community responsibility the members of the Nation showed, and soon became one of Elijahs nigh devoted followers. Finally, after(prenominal) his trip to Mecca, we see Malcolm as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz whose belief was now in world trade union and human justice.Malcolm X was a misunderstood figure of his time, in my opinion. If you soak up read or comprehend what he said, you would undoubtedly label him as a racist. He went as far as profession face cloths the devils and he stirred up both the black and white communities with his anti-white philosophy. Malcolm is usually projected as the uncompromising advocate of Black Nationalism. Malcolm, always brooding and alienated, is depicted as the architect of armed revolution and opposition and he is presented as the hostile critic of White liberalism.Many people base this on his profane sweari ng of racism and they misinterpret this statement to mean that now he endorsed the principles of integration as a theme to Americas racial dilemma. What people didnt realize at that time was Malcolms basic goal or objective never changed He was to ganglingy committed to freedom for oppressed people. Malcolm wanted for blacks except what whites wanted for themselves, no more and no less. Also we have to realize that his trip to Mecca had changed the way he thought about white people and he was not given enough time to show the world his new establish of view because he was assassinated soon after.Thats why nearly people at present have the judgment that Malcolm was a bad guy, who would gain freedom by any means necessary. What made him so great? He was a man of word and action. Malcolm represents a leader, which all communities look up to as dynamic, intelligent, and most importantly revitalizing. The Muslims of today, from all parts of the world see Malcolm as a man who not on ly had strong convictions and beliefs, but was not triskaidekaphobic to voice them and stand up to a system of conquering from white supremacy over powerless and minority black people.Black people need a leader who speaks the truth even when white people dont want to hear it, and Malcolm X is filling that role. As Malcolm X traveled around the country, preaching and encouraging blacks to take pride in their history and strengths as a people, membership in the Nation of Islam grew from about couple hundred to hundreds of thousands. Furthermore, I think it was Malcolms diligent passion for Black self-determination and Black unity as well as his spiritual nexus to Islam that attracted black people to Nation of Islam and Elijahs vision played only a little part of it.In addition, the cause why the number of followers increase in Nation of Islam was kick downd by Malcolms exceptional oratorical ability, his quick wit, and piercing analysis that he gave in front of many audiences. A nalysis such as US government produce their citizens hate Germany and Japan during WWII and now US had again make the people love Germany and Japan after the war. And the comment that he made about the racial problems of today If you pull out a knife on my back, the wound left a permanent mug which you can get rid off.Those points that he made were right on the money. He was very charismatic, and when he talks, people listen. Communication is a very powerful weapon to use if you want to spread your words and wisdom, and Malcolm took advantage of that. Armed himself with knowledge of Islam, books that he read, and debating skill, he went on television shows argued against his many critics and performed unrestricted speech day in and day out. He was so eagerly devoted to spread the teaching of Nation of Islam that he found himself out on the road and was away from his family for many weeks or months.The organic evolution of Nation of Islam was his priority. Why Malcolm had such i mpact on black communities? Because Malcolm was one of them before he joined Nation of Islam and became a minister. Came out from the heart of the Harlem ghetto, he knew the first hand experience of prejudice and disparity that impose on blacks. Therefore, many of his audiences can relate some of the things that he said in their ordinary life. In addition, Malcolm transformed himself from a street hustler to an articulate leader and was convinced that others could change for the wear as well.His message about self-improvement was loud and clear. Without education, you are not going anywhere in this world. In his autobiography he said, My whole life had been a chronology of changes. Such an extreme change seems to unbelievable, but after reading his autobiography everyone can feel how much power this man had. Another reason why he was a great leader was that his readiness to revise his ideas and change them. People make mistakes and it takes courage to admit it publicly and try to change it so the mistake wont happen again.In the handle of politic and religion, which he was vigorously involved in, people usually dont change, even they proved to be wrong. Malcolm X was different. He turned all his beliefs and his way of life upside down when joining the Nation of Islam. He stopped drinking, smoking and abusing drugs instantly and dedicated his life to his leader, whereas he had been selfish and greedy his whole life before. Everything is going well till when the affairs of Elijah Muhammad with his secretaries made Malcolm questioned the leadership and belief of Nation of Islam.As a result, he left Nation of Islam and took a pilgrimage to Mecca where he experienced real brotherhood, being certain and treated as a human being. The friendliness and respect he received made a great impression on him. I saw that people who looked alike drew together and most of the time stayed together? KIt tucked it into my mind that when I returned home I would tell Americans this ceremonial occasion that where true brotherhood existed among all colors. (Malcolm 350) He became less militant and even admitted that white people could contribute to the black movement.Malcolm also got rid of Mr. Muhammads doctrines and taught the real Islam he experienced in the East. When we remember Malcolm X, we cannot ignore that he did change from seeing race as a dividing issue to his final testimony as a Muslim who believed in a religion which spells out clearly that all humankind is created and judged equally. He stated that all human beings should be respected as such, regardless of their color. Malcolm often predicted that his leaving the Nation of Islam would lead to his death.When he heard of the Black Muslims plot to kill him, he did not feel any revere he just wanted his family to be safe. Before he died, he declared that he would be glad if he could have helped the black people, but that all credit is due to Allah. Only the mistakes were his. This is othe r admiration that I have for him. He did not fear death and went on doing his business as usual. Like I stated earlier, Malcolm put himself last and newfound religion and his family first.He was not afraid to accept the ultimate freedom for African Americans, as he stated, which is death. Today, nearly 30 years after the end of the Civil Rights Movement, some things have changed. A strong black middle-class has emerged, and some African-Americans have been able to get into leading positions in management or government. In several big cities with a majority of black citizens, black mayors are in office. Both civil right leaders Martin and Malcolm have become American heroes.Finally, Malcolm was a great man and a role model for all African Americans and Malcolm was a man who made people proud and showed them who they were. He dared to speak truth against the lies of racism, to stand tall before the blows of hatred and oppression. When they died, they left examples of wisdom, courage, and spiritual tenacity that few leaders of any race have matched. He didnt die in vain because things have improved since his death. We see the growth of strong black middle class.